A toolkit to think local
November 27, 2017 00:15 IST
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The ‘India State Level Disease Burden’
report, prepared as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study
2016, and published in Lancet, has found that every State in India has a
higher burden from non-communicable diseases and injuries than from
infectious diseases. The study used multiple data sources to map
State-level disease burden from 333 disease conditions and injuries, and
83 risk factors for each State from 1990 to 2016. It was released by
Vice-President.
The estimates are based on analysis of all identifiable epidemiological data from India over 25 years. The
report, which provides the first comprehensive set of state-level
disease burden data, risk factors estimates, and trends for each state
in India, is expected to inform health planning with a view toward reducing health inequalities among States.
The Global Burden of Diseases,
Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is the single largest and most
detailed scientific effort ever conducted to quantify levels and trends in health. Led by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
at the University of Washington, it is truly a global effort, with over
1,000 researchers from more than 100 countries, including 26 low- and
middle-income countries, participating in the most recent update.
GBD creates a unique platform to compare the magnitude of diseases, injuries, and risk factors across age groups, sexes, countries, regions, and time.
For
decision-makers, health sector leaders, researchers, and informed
citizens, the GBD approach provides an opportunity to compare their
countries’ health progress to that of other countries, and to understand the leading causes of health loss that could potentially be avoided, like high blood pressure, smoking, and household air pollution.
IHME
provides GBD results in visualization tools, allowing people to
interact with the vast amounts of data and the trends they identify. These
unique tools are beneficial when trying to identify specific
information for age groups, sexes, causes, risks, and comparison to
other regions.
for more : http://www.insightsonindia.com/2017/11/28/insights-editorial-toolkit-think-local/
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Disease burden can be reduced by addressing the risk factors for major diseases.
The findings of the study reveal that three types of risks – undernutrition, air pollution, and a group of risks causing cardiovascular disease and diabetes
– are akin to national emergencies as these have the potential to
significantly blunt the rapid social and economic progress to which
India aspires.
Under Nutrition: It is remarkable that even though there is a declining trend in child and maternal under nutrition, this is still the single largest risk factor in India, responsible for 15% of the total disease burdenin 2016.
- Under nutrition increases the risk of neonatal disorders, nutritional deficiencies, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory and other common infections.
- This burden is 12 times higher per person in India than in China.
- While this risk factor is relatively worse in the major northern poor States and Assam, it is amazingly the leading risk in over three-fourths of the States across India.
- Air pollutionincreases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, respiratory infections, and cancer.
- The burden of outdoor air pollutionhas increased in every part of India since 1990 because of pollutants from power production, industry, vehicles, construction, dust and waste burning.
- Air pollutionis higher in the northern States, but is considerable even in the southern States.
The unacceptably high disease burden due to undernutrition and air pollution in most of India must be brought to an end through systematic large-scale interventions with robust short- and long-term goals.
Non Communicable Diseases:
A group of risks that include unhealthy diet, high blood pressure, high
blood sugar, high cholesterol and overweight, which increase the risk
of ischaemic heart disease, stroke and diabetes, contributed a tenth of the total disease burden in India in 1990, but increased to a quarter of the total burden in 2016.
- While these risks are currently higher in the relatively more developed States, their phenomenal increase in every State over the past quarter of a century poses a grave threat.
Unless serious attempts are made soon to address this surge through massive up scaling of interventions in the health, food, agriculture, housing and urban development sectors, these risks can result in major deterioration in the health status across all States, rich and poor.
An important point to note related to undernutrition, air pollution,
and the risks causing cardiovascular disease and diabetes is that the
interventions needed to address them have to involve extensive
collaborations between the health sector and other relevant sectors.
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